That could well be an early christmas bulb, but I think it looks more like the kind of thing that would have been used as a telephone switchboard indicator. The red laquer was widely used for them. All the bulbs like that I have seen are British and have small bayonet bases, but presumably if they had the same things in Europe then they would have used that E14s screw base which is slightly bigger than the E12s candelabra base used in USA.
I think the only way you could be reasonably sure as to its application would be to try and find out the voltage - Xmas light strings were usually around 12-24V but a telephone lamp would be more like 50V.
The lamp looks distinctly European rather than British, and the design of base would suggest that it may be a Philips lamp made in Holland from around 1910. But Philips makes bases for everyone else so without seeing inside the bulb I could be wrong!
Hope this helps,
James