Hello.
I realize this is a little old post, but till today I've not read it.
I guess as you have said, that this lamps must be for mining lighting purposes. In fact, miner's helmet lamps works usually on that electric values because as you've said also, the source commonly used even to our days for mining lamps have been the classic two cell 4v lead battery or its "nearer" 3,6v Ni-Cd or Ni-MH 3 cell counterpart, so, that standard voltage of miniature lamps for that use.
About the extra lenght of its threaded cap, I couldn't say nothing, because I must see at least a picture of your particular bulbs, but I guess it could be done with the purpose of avoiding the unscrewing the whole lamp while on service due to vibrations, shocks or dropping of the reflector head directly to the floor. I've been using standard miniature mining lamps often during many years (and I'm still doing it), but all of them has the classic miniature SES cap, or E10 as here in Europe is known, exactly the same used for regular consumer flashlight and lanterns for household use. The main difference about both kind of bulbs is their nominal current consumption, that is greater for mining lamps, usually from a minimum of 500 mA for "short range light" and at least 1A for "long throw" concentrated beam. Most of times newest regular filament mining lamps are gas filled, not vacuum as for regular use flashlight ones, but in the later times of incandescent portable mining lighting before the coming of LED's, those lamps used to be of quartz-halogen type.
If you are interested about this issue I suggest you could post some pics of them, please.
Regards.